ISOLATION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI FROM DOMESTIC TANKER WATER SUPPLIES IN ENUGU CITY

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page i

Certification ii

Dedication iii

Acknowledgement iv

Table of content v

List of tables ix

Abstract x

CHAPTER ONE:

1.0 Introduction 1

1.1 Aim and objectives 3

CHAPTER TWO:

2.0 Literature Review 4

2.1 Escherichia coli 4

2.11 Strains 5

2.12 Biology and Biochemistry 6

2.13 Role as normal microbiota 8

2.14 Therapeutic use of non pathogen E.coli 8

2.2 Role in Disease 8

2.21 Gastrointestinal infection 8

2.22 Epidemiology of gastrointestinal infection 13

2.23 Urinary tract infection 14

2.24 Neonatal meningitis 15

2.3 Antibiotic therapy and resistance 16

2.31 Beta lactamase strains 17

2.32 Phage therapy 17

2.33 Vaccination 18

2.4 Role in biotechnology 19

2.41 Environmental quality 20

2.42 Model organism 20

2.5 E.coli and water contamination 21

2.51 How does E.coli enter our water 22

2.52 What can individual do to help 22

2.6 Bacteriological analysis of water 23

2.61 Approach 24

2.7 Methodologies 25

2.71 Multiple tube method 25

2.72 ATP testing. 26

2.73 Plate count 26

2.74 Membrane filtration 28

2.75 Pour plates 28

2.8 Pathogen analysis. 29

2.9 Types of nutrient media used in analysis. 29

CHAPTER THREE:

3.0 MATERIALS AND METHOD

3.1 Sample collection 31

3.2 Sample analysis 31

3.3 Bacteriological analysis of the sample 31

3.3.1 Membrane filtration technique 31

3.4 Bacteria identification 32

3.41 Grams staining 32

3.42 Motility test 33

3.5 Biochemical tests 33

3.51 Urease test 33

3.52 Catalase test 34

3.53 Methyl red test 34

3.54 Indole test 35

3.55 Citrate utilization test 36

3.56 Voges proskeur test V.P. test 37

3.57 Sugar fermentation 38

CHAPTER FOUR:

4.0 Results of Analysis 40

CHAPTER FIVE:

5.0 Discussion 42

5.1 Conclusion 43

References 44

Appendix 1 49

Appendix 2 50

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1: Virulence properties of E.coli.

TABLE 2: Isolation of Bacteria from water samples

TABLE 3: Physiochemical properties of bacteria isolated

ABSTRACT

Presence of Escherichia coli from water supplied by water tanker suppliers in Enugu City was determined. Out of eight different water tanker supplies examined which were designated alphabetically as A, B, C, D, E, F, and H. Escherichia coli was isolated from four tanker suppliers. The membrane filtration technique was used and the presumptive test showed other bacteria such as Klebsiella spp and Bacillus spp were seen growing in the MacConkery agar. The pink colonies on MacConkey plates and metallic blue sheen colour on EMB agar were isolated and subcultured in fresh agar plates incubated at 370c for 24hrs. The pure cultures were then identified using biochemical tests.