ABSTRACT

This study was designed to assess Glucose6Phosphate Dehydrogenase, Pyruvate kinase enzyme activity and some haematological parameters in HIV positive patients on antiretroviral treatment ART and those not on antiretroviral treatments. One hundred and eighty one 181 subjects were recruited for this study; Sixty 30 males and 30 females were HIV seropositive subjects on antiretroviral therapy ART group A, Sixty 25 males and 35 females were HIV seropositive subjects not on ART group B and Sixtyone 31 male and 30 female apparently healthy individuals served as control subjects group C. The study subjects were tested for Human Immunodeficiency virus HIV screening, Glucose6Phosphate Dehydrogenase G6PD, Pyruvate kinase PK, Activated Partial Thromboplastin time APTT, Prothrombin time PT, Platelet count PLT, CD4 count, Total white cell count TWBC, differential white cell count NEUT, LYM, MXD, Reticulocytes count, Packed cell volume PCV, Haemoglobin HGB, Red blood cell count RBC, Mean cell volume MCV, Mean cell haemoglobin MCH and Mean cell haemoglobin concentration MCHC after obtaining ethical approval for the study and informed consent of the subjects. G6PD assay was carried out by the Spectrophotometric

method using Randox kit, the PK assay was done by ELISA technique using Microplate reader, CD4 count was done using Cyflow counter, Sysmex autoanalyzer was used for Full blood count and red cell indices, PT was done using the citrated blood and calciumthromboplastin method, APTT was done using the calciumchloride and kaolinplatelet substitute method while HIV test was done using immunochromatographic test strips.

ANOVA and ttest were used for statistical analysis. The results showed that G6PD, APTT, PT, MXD, MCV, MCH for group A and B were significantly higher F 28.57; 57.98; 33.88; 16.05; 206.45; 100.44; P lt; 0.05 respectively compared with control group C. CD4 count, HGB, RBC, MCHC of group A and B were significantly lower F 39.39; 8.51; 133.85; 33.32; Plt;0.05 respectively compared with control group. TWBC and NEUT were higher in group B compared with the control group Plt;0.05. G6PD, PT, MCV were significantly higher in group A compared with group B P lt; 0.05 while TWBC and LYM were significantly reduced in group A compared with group B Plt;0.05. There was no significant difference in Pyruvate kinase activity for the three groups F 1.90; Pgt;0.05. This study identified a significant increase in G6PD activity in HIV patients with the absence of anaemia and reticulocytosis. APTT and PT were also significantly increased in HIV patients.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV has emerged a global disaster

ever since its discovery WHO, 2009. HIV/AIDS continues to spread

globally and remains a worldwide pandemic affecting over 40 million

people Maplanka, 2007; Willey et al., 2008. The population affected

by HIV in Africa especially subSaharan Africa is about 70 Kumar et

al., 2006. It is now the leading cause of death in subSaharan Africa

and the fourth leading cause of mortality worldwide and over 95 of these deaths have occurred among young adults in the developing world Guatelli et al., 2002; USAID, 2008. The net consequences of the disease is a gradual depletion of a subpopulation of the Tlymphocyte called the Thelper cells with genetic marker CD4 that plays an important role in immune defense system of the host, its depletion leaves the patients susceptible to various opportunistic infections, malignancies, anaemia and death Okolie, et al., 2003.

Highly active antiretroviral therapy HAART has generally been taken as the gold standard in the management of HIV patients Odunukwe et al., 2005. With its introduction in 1996, HAART appears to have effectively controlled viral replication in HIV/AIDS patients and has successfully improved their quality of life and prolonged their lifeexpectancy

Delarranaga et al., 2003; Jacobson et al., 2004, with a near normal turnover of both CD4 and CD8 Tcell populations Silvestri and Feinberg, 2003; Torti et al., 2004; Simon et al., 2006. Anaemia is a clinical condition in which the number or red blood cells and oxygen carrying capacity of blood is reduced. It is usually a sign of an underlying disease and may be mild or severe Ochei and Kolhatkar, 2000.It may be due to a number of causes which includes ...Get Complete Material.